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Inability to pay a $100,000 bail kept a Mississippi man in jail for three years. After taking a plea deal, a mother worries her son won’t survive in prison 

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Pamela Grimsley was in a race against time to help her only child, Nathan Cox, get out of jail.

It was a year ago that the west Tennessee resident learned from a family member that he was detained at the Alcorn County Correctional Facility. Cox’s bail was set for $100,000, but Grimsley knew she didn’t have the money to bring him home to await trial.

Through letters, Cox talked about the possibility of taking a plea deal, but she hoped he would wait for trial to prove his innocence. This summer she was hopeful because Cox seemed to be doing better and was talking more with his attorney.

Then that hope faded. Last month, the 33-year-old pleaded guilty to one count of child abuse against his child and was sentenced to 40 years with 20 years suspended to avoid the possibility of a conviction by a jury and a life sentence by a judge.

Throughout his time in jail, Grimsley was most concerned about her son’s mental health. Cox shared that he was depressed. She worried he wouldn’t make it to trial, and now that he has been convicted, she fears even more that he won’t survive prison.

“His mental state will not handle prison,” Grimsley said in an interview two weeks after her son’s conviction. “Something bad’s going to happen.”

Credit: Courtesy of Pamela Grimsley

Cox, a first time offender, has been at the Alcorn County jail since 2020 but now he is in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections waiting to see if he will remain there or be moved to another facility. He had been working as a car mechanic before he was arrested.

In 2021, the average number of days people were held at the Alcorn jail was around eight months, according to the most recent data compiled by the MacArthur Justice Center and the University of Mississippi School of Law.

Clay Nails, Cox’s court-appointed attorney since 2020, pointed out factors that kept his client in jail for years. Cox faced a high bond and delays in his case due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on the court system, Nails said.

“This is an example of the wheels of justice not turning fast enough and not because of the fault of individuals,” the Corinth attorney said in a June interview.

Nails had hoped that a trial could take place during the summer or fall court term and ultimately the case would be resolved sometime this year.

During early court proceedings, Cox pleaded not guilty to one charge of causing bodily harm to his child.

In 2019, when he was home alone with the then-infant, Cox called for help because the child was unresponsive. The state medical examiner’s office found the injuries to be trauma from shaking or hitting, which Nails said are injuries commonly known as “shaken baby syndrome.”

For decades, subdural bleeding, retinal bleeding and brain swelling have been associated with the diagnosis. Shaken baby syndrome doesn’t always lead to death, but complications can include brain damage and related conditions.

As reported in Mississippi Today’s series “Shaky Science, Fractured Families,” scientific bases of shaken baby syndrome are coming under scrutiny. Signs of impact may have come from different causes, and associated injuries such as retinal hemorrhage have been seen in infants who died from meningitis or obstructed airways.

Nails had said he wanted to explore the case law and evolving scientific understanding of shaken baby syndrome. He secured an expert and was awaiting medical imaging of the child’s injuries for the expert to review. The goal was to explore whether there was another explanation for the child’s injuries.

Nails said the child has cognitive damage and is visually impaired from the injuries they sustained as an infant.

Cox had concerns about his ability to receive a fair trial because of the injuries, Nails said.

If there were a higher chance he would be found guilty, he wanted to know how much time he could face in prison. Nails told him, in child and elder abuse cases, juries and judges tend to convict and hand down long sentences, and Cox could potentially face life in prison.

Cox thought about it and told Nails he wanted to change his plea to guilty and take a deal.

Because of the guilty plea, Nails was not able to challenge shaken baby syndrome as the cause of the child’s injuries or raise doubts about Cox as a suspect.

The district attorney’s office argued the person responsible for hurting the child is Cox since there were no witnesses to anyone inflicting the trauma, while Nails said he wanted to consider the child’s mother as the one responsible.

Cox believed himself to be the father of the child, but Nails said a paternity test has not been given to confirm that. Grimsley has questioned whether her son is the child’s father.

“He was just looking for love in all the wrong places,” Grimsley said about Cox’s relationship with the child’s mother, who she believes contributed to Cox’s detention.

Plea agreements are made by prosecutors and are meant to encourage a guilty plea, and they can come with reduced charges or lighter sentences. A guilty plea is recorded publicly, but the negotiation often happens outside of the courtroom.

First District Attorney John Weddle said plea offers are made on a majority of his office’s cases, and it’s up to the defendant whether to accept or reject them.

In Cox’s case, the prosecution was under the impression that he wanted to go to trial until Cox expressed through his attorney that he was interested in changing his plea.

To come up with a plea officer, Weddle said multiple factors are considered, including the severity of the crime, the minimum and maximum sentences of a crime, evidence and how a jury would react.

“Normally on plea negotiations we try to do something close to what a judge would do,” he said.

A 2023 report by the American Bar Association’s Plea Bargain Task Force found evidence that there can be a “powerfully coercive impact” on a defendant’s choice to take a plea deal rather than go to trial, which can result in a longer sentence.

Grimsely said the guilty plea doesn’t seem fair, especially because her son has maintained innocence. In his most recent letter before his conviction, Cox said he would be going to prison for something he didn’t do.

She said he is safe at the Alcorn County jail, but she worries what may happen to him in prison, especially if other inmates learn he was convicted of child abuse.

Although Cox received a 40-year sentence, he may only serve a fraction of that time. Under Senate Bill 2795 passed in 2021, people sentenced for violent offenses are eligible for parole after having served half of their sentence.

With 20 years suspended from his sentence, that would mean Cox could have 10 years to serve in prison. He already has a little over three years served from jail that would bring the sentence down to around six and a half years, Nails said. The potential for time off due to good behavior could reduce Cox’s sentence more, his attorney said.

Cliff Johnson is director of the MacArthur Justice Center said people can remain in jail for years before trial in Mississippi due to systemic problems.

District attorneys have control over the indictment process, and there is no time limit on how long someone can spend in jail before indictment, Johnson said. Judges also play a role in getting a case to trial, he said, because they can determine whether someone is being held too long pretrial.

“If district attorneys aren’t vigilant moving cases to trial and circuit judges don’t take seriously the presumption of innocence, the system doesn’t work and people wind up serving lengthy sentences without ever being found guilty by a jury,” Johnson said.

The American Bar Association Plea Bargain Task Force found some people plead guilty for reasons that don’t have to do with factual or legal guilt. They may change their plea so they don’t have to remain jailed and unable to work or take care of their children.

Three years spent in jail pretrial isn’t extraordinary considering that there have been people who have spent longer.

In 2021 Mississippi jail data shows one of the longest jail stays across the entire state was for Duane Lake, who spent six years in the Coahoma County jail before a jury acquitted him of capital murder in 2022.

Grimsley said songwriting was a form of therapy for Cox when he was in jail. He has a gift for playing the guitar, singing and writing songs – some of which he sent to his mother.

Once Cox is moved to a prison facility, Grimsely said she plans to get her car repaired and visit him.

Since learning about his conviction, she’s felt sick and doesn’t eat and sleep much. Cox has said he is okay, but Grimsley thinks he may be saying that for her sake.

She can’t imagine that he’s handling it well.

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

Mississippi Today

Early voting proposal killed on last day of Mississippi legislative session

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mississippitoday.org – @MSTODAYnews – 2025-04-03 13:02:00

Mississippi will remain one of only three states without no-excuse early voting or no-excuse absentee voting. 

Senate leaders, on the last day of their regular 2025 session, decided not to send a bill to Gov. Tate Reeves that would have expanded pre-Election Day voting options. The governor has been vocally opposed to early voting in Mississippi, and would likely have vetoed the measure.

The House and Senate this week overwhelmingly voted for legislation that established a watered-down version of early voting. The proposal would have required voters to go to a circuit clerk’s office and verify their identity with a photo ID. 

The proposal also listed broad excuses that would have allowed many voters an opportunity to cast early ballots. 

The measure passed the House unanimously and the Senate approved it 42-7. However, Sen. Jeff Tate, a Republican from Meridian who strongly opposes early voting, held the bill on a procedural motion. 

Senate Elections Chairman Jeremy England chose not to dispose of Tate’s motion on Thursday morning, the last day the Senate was in session. This killed the bill and prevented it from going to the governor. 

England, a Republican from Vancleave, told reporters he decided to kill the legislation because he believed some of its language needed tweaking. 

The other reality is that Republican Gov. Tate Reeves strongly opposes early voting proposals and even attacked England on social media for advancing the proposal out of the Senate chamber. 

England said he received word “through some sources” that Reeves would veto the measure.

“I’m not done working on it, though,” England said. 

Although Mississippi does not have no-excuse early voting or no-excuse absentee voting, it does have absentee voting. 

To vote by absentee, a voter must meet one of around a dozen legal excuses, such as temporarily living outside of their county or being over 65. Mississippi law doesn’t allow people to vote by absentee purely out of convenience or choice. 

Several conservative states, such as Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Florida, have an in-person early voting system. The Republican National Committee in 2023 urged Republican voters to cast an early ballot in states that have early voting procedures. 

Yet some Republican leaders in Mississippi have ardently opposed early voting legislation over concerns that it undermines election security. 

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

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Mississippi Legislature approves DEI ban after heated debate

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mississippitoday.org – @MSTODAYnews – 2025-04-02 16:34:00

Mississippi lawmakers have reached an agreement to ban diversity, equity and inclusion programs and a list of “divisive concepts” from public schools across the state education system, following the lead of numerous other Republican-controlled states and President Donald Trump’s administration.  

House and Senate lawmakers approved a compromise bill in votes on Tuesday and Wednesday. It will likely head to Republican Gov. Tate Reeves for his signature after it clears a procedural motion.

The agreement between the Republican-dominated chambers followed hours of heated debate in which Democrats, almost all of whom are Black, excoriated the legislation as a setback in the long struggle to make Mississippi a fairer place for minorities. They also said the bill could bog universities down with costly legal fights and erode academic freedom.

Democratic Rep. Bryant Clark, who seldom addresses the entire House chamber from the podium during debates, rose to speak out against the bill on Tuesday. He is the son of the late Robert Clark, the first Black Mississippian elected to the state Legislature since the 1800s and the first Black Mississippian to serve as speaker pro tempore and preside over the House chamber since Reconstruction.

“We are better than this, and all of you know that we don’t need this with Mississippi history,” Clark said. “We should be the ones that say, ‘listen, we may be from Mississippi, we may have a dark past, but you know what, we’re going to be the first to stand up this time and say there is nothing wrong with DEI.'”

Legislative Republicans argued that the measure — which will apply to all public schools from the K-12 level through universities — will elevate merit in education and remove a list of so-called “divisive concepts” from academic settings. More broadly, conservative critics of DEI say the programs divide people into categories of victims and oppressors and infuse left-wing ideology into campus life.

“We are a diverse state. Nowhere in here are we trying to wipe that out,” said Republican Sen. Tyler McCaughn, one of the bill’s authors. “We’re just trying to change the focus back to that of excellence.”

The House and Senate initially passed proposals that differed in who they would impact, what activities they would regulate and how they aim to reshape the inner workings of the state’s education system. Some House leaders wanted the bill to be “semi-vague” in its language and wanted to create a process for withholding state funds based on complaints that almost anyone could lodge. The Senate wanted to pair a DEI ban with a task force to study inefficiencies in the higher education system, a provision the upper chamber later agreed to scrap.

The concepts that will be rooted out from curricula include the idea that gender identity can be a “subjective sense of self, disconnected from biological reality.” The move reflects another effort to align with the Trump administration, which has declared via executive order that there are only two sexes.

The House and Senate disagreed on how to enforce the measure but ultimately settled on an agreement that would empower students, parents of minor students, faculty members and contractors to sue schools for violating the law.

People could only sue after they go through an internal campus review process and a 25-day period when schools could fix the alleged violation. Republican Rep. Joey Hood, one of the House negotiators, said that was a compromise between the chambers. The House wanted to make it possible for almost anyone to file lawsuits over the DEI ban, while Senate negotiators initially bristled at the idea of fast-tracking internal campus disputes to the legal system.   

The House ultimately held firm in its position to create a private cause of action, or the right to sue, but it agreed to give schools the ability to conduct an investigative process and potentially resolve the alleged violation before letting people sue in chancery courts.

“You have to go through the administrative process,” said Republican Sen. Nicole Boyd, one of the bill’s lead authors. “Because the whole idea is that, if there is a violation, the school needs to cure the violation. That’s what the purpose is. It’s not to create litigation, it’s to cure violations.” 

If people disagree with the findings from that process, they could also ask the attorney general’s office to sue on their behalf.

Under the new law, Mississippi could withhold state funds from schools that don’t comply. Schools would be required to compile reports on all complaints filed in response to the new law.

Trump promised in his 2024 campaign to eliminate DEI in the federal government. One of the first executive orders he signed did that. Some Mississippi lawmakers introduced bills in the 2024 session to restrict DEI, but the proposals never made it out of committee. With the national headwinds at their backs and several other laws in Republican-led states to use as models, Mississippi lawmakers made plans to introduce anti-DEI legislation.

The policy debate also unfolded amid the early stages of a potential Republican primary matchup in the 2027 governor’s race between State Auditor Shad White and Lt. Gov. Delbert Hosemann. White, who has been one of the state’s loudest advocates for banning DEI, had branded Hosemann in the months before the 2025 session “DEI Delbert,” claiming the Senate leader has stood in the way of DEI restrictions passing the Legislature. 

During the first Senate floor debate over the chamber’s DEI legislation during this year’s legislative session, Hosemann seemed to be conscious of these political attacks. He walked over to staff members and asked how many people were watching the debate live on YouTube. 

As the DEI debate cleared one of its final hurdles Wednesday afternoon, the House and Senate remained at loggerheads over the state budget amid Republican infighting. It appeared likely the Legislature would end its session Wednesday or Thursday without passing a $7 billion budget to fund state agencies, potentially threatening a government shutdown.

“It is my understanding that we don’t have a budget and will likely leave here without a budget. But this piece of legislation …which I don’t think remedies any of Mississippi’s issues, this has become one of the top priorities that we had to get done,” said Democratic Sen. Rod Hickman. “I just want to say, if we put that much work into everything else we did, Mississippi might be a much better place.”

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

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House gives Senate 5 p.m. deadline to come to table, or legislative session ends with no state budget

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mississippitoday.org – @MSTODAYnews – 2025-04-02 16:13:00

The House on Wednesday attempted one final time to revive negotiations between it and the Senate over passing a state budget.

Otherwise, the two Republican-led chambers will likely end their session without funding government services for the next fiscal year and potentially jeopardize state agencies.

The House on Wednesday unanimously passed a measure to extend the legislative session and revive budget bills that had died on legislative deadlines last weekend. 

House Speaker Jason White said he did not have any prior commitment that the Senate would agree to the proposal, but he wanted to extend one last offer to pass the budget. White, a Republican from West, said if he did not hear from the Senate by 5 p.m. on Wednesday, his chamber would end its regular session. 

“The ball is in their court,” White said of the Senate. “Every indication has been that they would not agree to extend the deadlines for purposes of doing the budget. I don’t know why that is. We did it last year, and we’ve done it most years.” 

But it did not appear likely Wednesday afternoon that the Senate would comply.

The Mississippi Legislature has not left Jackson without setting at least most of the state budget since 2009, when then Gov. Haley Barbour had to force them back to set one to avoid a government shutdown.

The House measure to extend the session is now before the Senate for consideration. To pass, it would require a two-thirds majority vote of senators. But that might prove impossible. Numerous senators on both sides of the aisle vowed to vote against extending the current session, and Lt. Gov. Delbert Hosemann who oversees the chamber said such an extension likely couldn’t pass. 

Senate leadership seemed surprised at the news that the House passed the resolution to negotiate a budget, and several senators earlier on Wednesday made passing references to ending the session without passing a budget. 

“We’ll look at it after it passes the full House,” Senate President Pro Tempore Dean Kirby said. 

The House and Senate, each having a Republican supermajority, have fought over many issues since the legislative session began early January.

But the battle over a tax overhaul plan, including elimination of the state individual income tax, appeared to cause a major rift. Lawmakers did pass a tax overhaul, which the governor has signed into law, but Senate leaders cried foul over how it passed, with the House seizing on typos in the Senate’s proposal that accidentally resembled the House’s more aggressive elimination plan.

The Senate had urged caution in eliminating the income tax, and had economic growth triggers that would have likely phased in the elimination over many years. But the typos essentially negated the triggers, and the House and governor ran with it.

The two chambers have also recently fought over the budget. White said he communicated directly with Senate leaders that the House would stand firm on not passing a budget late in the session. 

But Senate leaders said they had trouble getting the House to meet with them to haggle out the final budget. 

On the normally scheduled “conference weekend” with a deadline to agree to a budget last Saturday, the House did not show, taking the weekend off. This angered Hosemann and the Senate. All the budget bills died, requiring a vote to extend the session, or the governor forcing them into a special session.

If the Legislature ends its regular session without adopting a budget, the only option to fund state agencies before their budgets expire on June 30 is for Gov. Tate Reeves to call lawmakers back into a special session later. 

“There really isn’t any other option (than the governor calling a special session),” Lt. Gov. Delbert Hosemann previously said. 

If Reeves calls a special session, he gets to set the Legislature’s agenda. A special session call gives an otherwise constitutionally weak Mississippi governor more power over the Legislature. 

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

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