(The Center Square) – Senators in North Carolina are scheduled to work a budget proposal through three committees Tuesday.

The 2025 Appropriations Act, known also as Senate Bill 257, is to be heard first in the Appropriations/Base Budget Committee. Next is a stop in the Finance Committee, followed 15 minutes later by the Pensions and Retirement and Aging Committee. Senate Bills 258 and 263 carry the same title.

President Pro Tempore Phil Berger, R-Rockingham, noted in his opening address in January the General Assembly has “moved away from the unsteady rollercoaster of boom-and-bust budgets toward consistent, conservative, fiscally sound budgets.”

The legislation is only beginning, according to the state legislative website. Filed March 11, it was at two pages at midday Monday.

Typically, the governor is first to offer a budget proposal, both chambers follow, and then the negotiations ensue. July 1 is the start of the fiscal year, though it was late September in 2024 when the midterm adjustment was finalized.

Because of the July 14, 2016, signing of a law by Republican former Gov. Pat McCrory, the state government avoided shutdown during a three-year budget impasse that began after Cooper’s veto in 2019. Instead, the law allowed the state to operate on the previous spending plan. It remains in effect today.

North Carolina has a population estimated at 11 million, ninth largest in America and up 37.5% from 8 million just a quarter of a century ago.

Spending on education was the largest share of the last state budget at $17.9 billion for 2024-25, and $17.3 billion for 2023-24 of the $60.7 billion two-year plan.

Democratic Gov. Josh Stein has proposed a two-year budget of $67.9 billion, also known as Senate Bill 440. Two years ago, both chambers of the General Assembly were about $6 billion below former Gov. Roy Cooper.

Cooper in eight years only signed one two-year budget (2021-22), one midterm adjustment (2022) and allowed a two-year budget to become law without his signature (2023-24), the latter tied to his long-sought request for Medicaid expansion.

Cooper vetoed two-year budgets for 2017-18 and 2019-20, and midterm adjustments in 2018 and 2024. Veto overrides enacted two-year budget legislation for 2017-18 and midterm adjustments in 2018 and 2024.

(The Center Square) – Long a volatile discussion topic, proposed legislation involving K-12 school calendars is back to the Judiciary Committee of the North Carolina Senate when it convenes this week.

School Calendar Flexibility: A New Alternative, known also as Senate Bill 754, puts two options before local school boards and adds compliance penalties for any of the 115 districts statewide that may break the law. The law no earlier than the Monday closest to Aug. 26 for starting and finishing no later than the Friday closest to June 11 will remain as one of the options.

The alternative is starting no earlier than the Monday closest to Aug. 19 and ending no later than the Friday before the last Monday in May, otherwise known as Memorial Day weekend.

North Carolina has about 1.5 million school children and 90,000 educators. Spending on education was the largest share of the last state budget at $17.9 billion for 2024-25, and $17.3 billion for 2023-24 of the $60.7 billion two-year plan.

School calendar dates for most of the state’s history have been linked to agriculture, the No. 1 industry. Agriculture and agribusiness remain the top economic impact at $111.1 billion annually, but its workforce and the logistics of planting and harvesting have evolved while tourism has grown to a $35 billion juggernaut.

The latter often involves not only students working summer jobs but 10-month educators.

“Finding compromises like this isn’t always easy, but this bill is the culmination of good-faith efforts from stakeholders and legislators,” Sen. Amy Galey, R-Alamance, said in a release. “With the evolution of the school choice landscape, as well as North Carolina becoming the fifth most popular state for travel and tourism, it’s time to update and adapt our school calendar law.”

Civil penalty for breaking the law would be up to $10,000 against the local school board. Enforcement will lie with the State Board of Education through notifications from the superintendent of the Department of Public Instruction.

“This balances the desire of some school districts to start the school year earlier while still supporting our local businesses dependent on summer tourism,” said Sen. Phil Berger, R-Rockingham, the president pro tempore of the chamber. “We must take the appropriate steps to hold school districts that break the law accountable.”

Galey, Berger and Sen. Michael Lee, R-New Hanover, are the primary sponsors of the bill.

The proposed law passed out of the Education/Higher Education Committee on Wednesday. It would become effective immediately and apply to the 2026-27 school year.